“Tree-based ensemble methods, including Random Forest and XGBoost, proved inherently robust to this violation, achieving an R-squared of 0.765 and RMSE of 0.731 logP units on the test set.”

“The ejecta transition from a layered to a more homogeneous composition.”

“The study derives a metallicity of $12+\log(\mathrm{O/H})=7.29\pm0.06$ dex, placing Leo A in the low-mass end of the Mass-Metallicity Relation (MZR).”

“Achieving an accuracy (< 1.25) of 98.1% and reducing Squared Relative Error by over 17% compared to established baselines.”

“The paper proves that the new partition sampling method yields stratified sampling point sets with lower expected star discrepancy than both classical jittered sampling and simple random sampling.”

“High-ionization lines (e.g., Civ λ1549) exhibit strong blueshifts and asymmetric profiles indicative of fast, inner winds, while low-ionization lines (e.g., Hβ, Mgii λ 2800) show more symmetric profiles consistent with predominant emission from slower, denser regions farther out.”

“AnalogSAGE achieves a 10$ imes$ overall pass rate, a 48$ imes$ Pass@1, and a 4$ imes$ reduction in parameter search space compared with existing frameworks.”

“The paper focuses on Anchor-based Incremental and Stratified Graph Learning for Inductive Spatio-Temporal Kriging.”

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“The research focuses on Restrictive Hierarchical Semantic Segmentation for Stratified Tooth Layer Detection.”