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Analysis

This paper presents a novel semi-implicit variational multiscale (VMS) formulation for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The key innovation is the use of an exact adjoint linearization of the convection term, which simplifies the VMS closure and avoids complex integrations by parts. This leads to a more efficient and robust numerical method, particularly in low-order FEM settings. The paper demonstrates significant speedups compared to fully implicit nonlinear formulations while maintaining accuracy, and validates the method on a range of benchmark problems.
Reference

The method is linear by construction, each time step requires only one linear solve. Across the benchmark suite, this reduces wall-clock time by $2$--$4\times$ relative to fully implicit nonlinear formulations while maintaining comparable accuracy.