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This paper explores the production of $J/ψ$ mesons in ultraperipheral heavy-ion collisions at the LHC, focusing on azimuthal asymmetries arising from the polarization of photons involved in the collisions. It's significant because it provides a new way to test the understanding of quarkonium production mechanisms and probe the structure of photons in extreme relativistic conditions. The study uses a combination of theoretical frameworks (NRQCD and TMD photon distributions) to predict observable effects, offering a potential experimental validation of these models.
Reference

The paper predicts sizable $\cos(2φ)$ and $\cos(4φ)$ azimuthal asymmetries arising from the interference of linearly polarized photon states.