Landauer Cost of Continuous Vacuum Measurement

This paper investigates the thermodynamic cost, specifically the heat dissipation, associated with continuously monitoring a vacuum or no-vacuum state. It applies Landauer's principle to a time-binned measurement process, linking the entropy rate of the measurement record to the dissipated heat. The work extends the analysis to multiple modes and provides parameter estimates for circuit-QED photon monitoring, offering insights into the energy cost of information acquisition in quantum systems.