Research#deep learning📝 BlogAnalyzed: Dec 29, 2025 01:43

Deep Neural Nets: 33 years ago and 33 years from now

Published:Mar 14, 2022 07:00
1 min read
Andrej Karpathy

Analysis

This article by Andrej Karpathy discusses the historical significance of the 1989 Yann LeCun paper on handwritten zip code recognition, highlighting its early application of backpropagation in a real-world scenario. Karpathy emphasizes the paper's surprisingly modern structure, including dataset description, architecture, loss function, and experimental results. He then describes his efforts to reproduce the paper using PyTorch, viewing this as a case study on the evolution of deep learning. The article underscores the enduring relevance of foundational research in the field.

Reference

The Yann LeCun et al. (1989) paper Backpropagation Applied to Handwritten Zip Code Recognition is I believe of some historical significance because it is, to my knowledge, the earliest real-world application of a neural net trained end-to-end with backpropagation.