The First Model-Independent Upper Bound on Micro-lensing Signature of the Highest Mass Binary Black Hole Event GW231123

This article reports on a research finding, specifically establishing a model-independent upper bound on the micro-lensing signature associated with the gravitational wave event GW231123. The research likely involves complex astrophysical modeling and data analysis to constrain the potential effects of micro-lensing on the observed gravitational wave signal. The significance lies in providing a new constraint on the properties of this specific binary black hole system and potentially refining our understanding of gravitational wave propagation and the environment surrounding the event.

• •Establishes a model-independent upper bound.
• •Focuses on the gravitational wave event GW231123.
• •Involves analysis of micro-lensing signatures.
• •Contributes to understanding of binary black hole systems and gravitational wave propagation.