Eckart heat-flux applicability in $F(Φ,X)R$ theories and the existence of temperature gradients

This article likely explores the application of the Eckart heat-flux formalism within the context of modified gravity theories, specifically those involving scalar fields (Φ) and their kinetic terms (X) coupled to the Ricci scalar (R). The focus is on understanding the behavior of heat flow and the presence of temperature gradients within these theoretical frameworks. The use of 'ArXiv' as the source indicates this is a pre-print research paper, suggesting a detailed mathematical analysis is involved.