Asymmetry effects in homodyne and heterodyne measurements: Positive operator-valued measures and asymptotic security of Gaussian continuous variable quantum key distribution

This paper delves into the impact of asymmetry in homodyne and heterodyne measurements within the context of Gaussian continuous variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD). It explores the use of positive operator-valued measures (POVMs) to analyze these effects and their implications for the asymptotic security of CVQKD protocols. The research likely contributes to a deeper understanding of the practical limitations and potential vulnerabilities in CVQKD systems, particularly those arising from imperfect measurement apparatus.